Axial turbine



" F. LSEL AXIM, TURBINE Filed April 21,

" June 16, 1,925.

. said space.

UNITED` .STATES ,PATENT OFFICE.

`intanz Lsen, "or enema, ioznonosnovnxra.

AXE-'LL TURBINE.

Anplicati'onlcd april 21, 9%. Serial No. 765,051.

To all whom t .may concern.' j Beit known that I, Franz Lser., a citizen ot Czechoslovakia, residing at Brunn, Czechoslovakia, have inventedfcertain new and useful Improvements in Axial Turbines, of which the following is a speciiication.

My invention `relates to `axial turbines `operated by steam or gas under pressure pro-` vided with a heating jacket.

Thermain object of the invent-ion is to pro vide `means by whichV the carrier `of the stator-noZZles and diaphragme is heated from the exterior andinterior and by which the pressure exerted bythe diaphragms or blades against the carrier is elasti'cally -balanced from the exterior of the `carrier but `within thecasing of the turbine.

Another object is to hold `the inner parts firmly enclosed, 4and `to hold them together steam-tight, without, however, interfering.

with expansion of the `parte due .to heat.

. `Another object is to strengthen and stiften the whole casing throughout its entire length, without substantially increasing its weight for making the structure bulky and expensive. l

Other objects andadvantages will appear from the following speciiication. i

With `these objects in view vmy invention, consists in that a space surrounding thecarnier andoxtendingover thefentire length of the :series of stator and .rotor elements in the i turbine,divides the casinginto an inner and an outer casing and directlyV communicates, at the high-pressure or front-end, with the main carrying the high-pressure, highetemperature iiuid, so `that the high-pressure, high-temperature fluid can penetrate to the In the accompanying drawing I have shown by way oft example two embodiments of my invention.

Fig. 1 isa longitudinal section and Fig. 2 a transverse section onthelineA B Fig. l of Va steam turbine constructed in accordance with my invention, Fig. 3 shows a modification of the connection between 'the highpressure mam and the jacket space.

Referring now to the drawings, the cylinin shape, communicates by openings Z with the live steam supply chamber c' carrying the steam jets d sothat the turbine jacket is heatedby liversteam. The stator carrier ml `and the casing m coaxial therewith,

strengthen and stiften the turbine frame g Vmain with the hollow space h.

The turbine itself is preterablyof the uiltistage disc. wheel type as illustrated in the drawings, wherein a, b, c are the stationary or stator discs interposed between the revolving discs of the rotor fr. The stator discs o are connected with the stator carrier mlof the turbine frame `g by blades or nozzles f which project into grooves of the carrier, and into grooves of the diaphragm discs o. The stator discs Z2 are shrunk or cast into the carrier m1 and the stator discs `o are .cast integral with the carrier mi. The blades of the stator discs b and c areintegral with these discs and may be made in any desired or preferred manner such as casting and milling. In reaction 'turbines the stator blades arepreferably `directly secured to tliestator carrier mi.

In steam turbines with a` heating jacket as heretofore constructed, the exhaust `steam from the low pressureend of lthe turbine or steam from an intermediate point was partly used `for heating and the lturbine frame did not 'torni a rigid continuous hollow body extending over the entire length oft the turbine. i

This construction is not satisfactory more particularly in high pressure turbines in which Athe driving agent ,is highly superheated inasmuch as underthese conditions the parts expand, owing to the high temperatures, to a great extent and in diierent degrees. In such turbines it is necessary that the parts of the frame surrounding the internal structure expand to a greater ex tent and, what is even more important, more rapidly than the internal structure itself. This condition is fully satisfied by the present invention as the heating jacket is heated uniformly by live steam and the hollow space is kept under high steam-pressure from the high-pressure end. When exhaust steam is supplied from the low pressure end of the turbine or steam from all intermediate point thereof to the heating jacket no eiicient heating of the parts of the frame adjacent to the internal structure can be obtained, but there is rather a cooling because the temperature of the steam at lower pressure points is lower than the steam temperature at the high pressure end of the turbine. fn consequence thereof the parts of the casing adjacent to the internal structure expand to a less extent and more slowly than the internal structure itself which is exposed to the action of hotter steam. This results in the danger that the casing may be destroyed and that it becomes necessary to provide for unduly great play between parts to be connected whereby the losses by leakage are increased.

My invention provides the further advantage that the differences in pressure acting on the stator carrier 'm1 are comparatively small so that it may be comparatively thin and somewhat elastic. Consequently the pressure acting on the stator carrier fm1 from its outside causes a very slight bending of the same and results in the internal parts being closely embraced and held together in a steam tight yet elastic manner without, however, interfering with their expansion by heat. The outer wall 'm of the heating jacket L must of course be of sufficient strength, its strength and stiffness being notably increased by the stator carrier m1.

Thile in the foregoing I have described my invention as applied to a steam turbine it will be obvious that it is equally applicable to gas turbines.

That I claim is: y

l. An elastic fluid turbine of the axial flow multistage type comprising a cylindrical carrier for the stator elements which are surrounded as well as carried by said carrier, an outer casing spaced from the cylindrical carrier and cast integral therewith at both the front and rear ends, said carrier and outer casing forming therebetween a continuous chamber surrounding the carrier over the whole length thereof, and means to supply elastic fluid to said continuous chamber including a direct connection at the high pressure end with the high pressure supply.

2. An elastic fluid turbine of the axial flow multistage disc wheel type, comprising a carrier for the diaphragms which are surrounded as well as carried by said carrier, an outer casing cast integral with thc carrier at both front and rear ends and spaced therefrom to form a continuous hollow chamber surrounding the carrier and extending over the whole length of same, and means to provide at the high pressure end only direct connection between the chamber and the high pressure end.

3. An elastic fluid turbine of the multistage disc wheel type, comprising a casing and a carrier or support for diaphragms and their nozzles, both of which are surrounded as well as carried by said support, said support being cast integral 'with said casing at both the front and rear ends to form therebetween a continuous fluid aclet extending over the entire length of the internal parts of the turbine and surrounding same and communicating with the high pressure fluid supply at the high pressure end and being subjected to the pressure and temperature of the live fluid over the entire length of the internal parts.

4. An elastic iiuid turbine of the axial flow multistage type, comprising a carrier for diaphragms and their guide blading, said carrier surrounding as well as carrying said diaphragms and their guide blading and being cast integral with said casing which is axially divided and forms with said carrier a continuous chamber in thc upper part of the turbine casing and a continuous chamber in the lower part of the turbine casing, said continuous chambers extending over the entire length of the internal parts of the turbine and surrounding same, and connections with the high pressure fluid source at the high pressure end of the turbine to fill said continuous chambers with high pressure live fluid and subject them to the pressure and temperature of the live fluid over the entire length of thc internal parts.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRANZ LsEL.

Witnesses:

CARL WINTERS, ANT. G. FIEMAN. 

